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We included 18 studies (59 records) of 2384 children and adolescents with obesity or overweight.
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To ease interpretation of the effect size, we also reported the mean difference of effect sizes for single‐study outcomes.
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Where the same outcome was assessed across different intervention types, we reported standardised effect sizes for findings from single‐study and multiple‐study analyses to allow comparison of intervention effects across intervention types. We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. We contacted study authors to obtain additional information. Two review authors extracted data, assessed quality and risks of bias, and evaluated the quality of the evidence using the GRADE approach. Data collection and analysisįour review authors independently selected studies for inclusion. We also excluded self‐ and parent‐reported outcomes. We excluded studies in children and adolescents with medical conditions known to affect weight status, school achievement and cognitive function. We included randomised and quasi‐randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of behavioural interventions for weight management in children and adolescents with obesity or overweight. We also contacted researchers in the field to obtain unpublished data. We also searched two trials registries, reference lists, and handsearched one journal from inception. In February 2017, we searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE and 15 other databases. executive functions) and/or future success in children and adolescents with obesity or overweight, compared with standard care, waiting‐list control, no treatment, or an attention placebo control group. To assess whether lifestyle interventions (in the areas of diet, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and behavioural therapy) improve school achievement, cognitive function (e.g. There are various theoretical mechanisms that suggest that children and adolescents with excessive body fat may benefit particularly from these interventions. Evidence suggests that changing these health behaviours can benefit cognitive function and school achievement in children and adolescents in general. Lifestyle changes towards a healthy diet, increased physical activity and reduced sedentary activities are recommended to prevent and treat obesity. The global prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity is high.
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